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 Useful Information:

Search Engines:

 How To Use Search Engines:

These tips should work with most search engines in their basic search option.

  • Use the plus (+) and minus (-) signs in front of words to force their inclusion and/or exclusion in searches.
    EXAMPLE: +anorexia -bulimia (NO space between the sign and the keyword)

  • Use double quotation marks (" ") around phrases to ensure they are searched exactly as is, with the words side by side in the same order.
    EXAMPLE: "Muscular Dystrophy" (Do NOT put quotation marks around a single word.)

  • Put your most important keywords first in the string.

  • Type keywords and phrases in lower case to find both lower and upper case versions. Typing capital letters will usually return only an exact match.
    EXAMPLE: president retrieves both president and President

  • Use truncation and wildcards (e.g., *) to look for variations in spelling and word form.
    EXAMPLE: librar* returns library, libraries, librarian, etc.

  • Combine phrases with keywords, using the double quotes and the plus (+) and/or minus (-) signs.
    EXAMPLE: +"lung cancer" +bronchitis -smoking )In this case, if you use a keyword with a +sign, you must put the +sign in front of the phrase as well. When searching for a phrase alone, the +sign is not necessary.)

  • When searching a document for your keyword(s), use the "find" command on that page.

  • Know the default settings your search engine uses (OR or AND). This will have an effect on how you configure your search statement because, if you don't use any signs (+, - " "), the engine will default to its own settings.

Quick Tips for Boolean Searches:

  • In Boolean searches, always enclose OR statements in parentheses. AND operators should not be used inside parentheses.
    EXAMPLE: (college OR university) AND "financial aid"

  • Always use CAPS when typing Boolean operators in your search statements. Most engines require that the operators (AND, OR, AND NOT/NOT) be capitalised. The engines that don't will accept either CAPS or lower case, so you're on safe ground if you stick to CAPS.
    EXAMPLE: "eating disorder" AND (bulimia OR anorexia)



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